PATHS UNIVERSITY OF AFRICA

The B.Sc. Entrepreneurship Program at Paths University of Africa is designed to nurture Creative and Innovative Thinkers that are capable of starting, and managing successful businesses.

The program blends business knowledge with practical Entrepreneurial skills to prepare students for self-employment, venture creation and strategic business leadership.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PATHS UNIVERSITY OF AFRICA

ENTREPRENEURSHIP (BS)

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

PROGRAMME OVERVIEW

AWARD: BS

DURATION: 4 YEARS

INTRODUCTION:

The B.Sc. Entrepreneurship Program at Paths University of Africa is designed to nurture Creative and Innovative Thinkers that are capable of starting, and managing successful businesses.

The program blends business knowledge with practical Entrepreneurial skills to prepare students for self-employment, venture creation and strategic business leadership.

PROGRAM OBJECTIVES

•       To develop students ability to identify opportunities and convert them into viable businesses.

•       To equip students with knowledge of business planning, marketing and finance.

•       To promote innovative thinking and risk-taking in Enterprise development.

•       To prepare students for roles in business incubation and harvesting.

DETAILED COURSE STRUCTURE FOR B.S. ENTREPRENEURSHIP (4 YEARS)

The Program Requires a Minimum of 166 Credit Units Distributed as Follows:

COURSE OUTLINE:

v  INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP ( ENT 101 ), 2 CREDIT UNIT

The course typically covers;

•       The concept of Entrepreneurship.

•       The role of Entrepreneurship in a developing society.

•       Entrepreneurs and functions of Entrepreneurs.

•       The types, characteristics and roles of Entrepreneurs.

•       The meaning of Intrapreneur and Intrapreneurship.

•       Entrepreneurial motivation.

•       Creativity and Innovation.

•       An overview of concept of business.

•       Developing business opportunity.

•       The business environment.

•       Forms of business.

v  BUSINESS MATHEMATICS ( BUS 101), 2 CREDIT UNIT

This course prepare students for the application of mathematical tools, techniques and principles to the real world. Topics include;

•       Linear and quadratic functions.

•       Polynomial, exponential and logarithmic function.

•       Mathematics of finance, systems of linear equations and matrices. 

v  PRINCIPLS OF ACCOUNTING 1 ( ACC 101 ) 2 CREDIT UNITS

This course covers;

•       Nature of Accounting.

•       Source Documents and business transactions

•       Subsidiary books and the ledger

•       Balancing and trial balance

•       Financial statements

•       Accounting concepts and conventions

•       Accounting Equation

•       Valuation of business assets

v  Eco 101: PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS 1,  2 CREDIT UNITS

•       The nature and significance of Economics

•       The methodology of Economics

•       Economic tools of analyses

•       Theories of demand and supply, and Elasticity analysis

•       Dynamic theories of price, predictions of price theory, Production theory and law of diminishing returns.

•       Market structure, Perfect competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, etc.

•       Elementary theory of utility, Distribution theory.

•       Demand for and pricing of productive factors

•       Interest rate and profit.

v  BUS 111: INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT 1,  2 CREDIT UNITS

•       Define the concept and various kinds of Business

•       Forms of Business Ownership

•       Understand Ethics and Business Characters

•       Understand the Elements of Accounting, Marketing, Insurance, Human Resources and their roles in Business Organization.

•       Concept of Effective communication in Business

•       Business Environment, and Social Responsibility of Business

•       Evolution of Management Thought

v  GST 101: COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH

•       Effective communication and writing in English.

•       Language skills, Writing of easy answers, Comprehension, and sentence construction

•       Outlines and Paragraphs, Collection and Organization of materials

•       Logical presentation and Punctuations.

v  GST 105: INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE,  2 CREDIT UNITS

•       The Nature of Science, Scientific Method, Basic Scientific Theories, Laws of Nature and History of Science.

•       Science, Technology and Inventions, Social Implications of Technological Advancement, the nature and scope of philosophy of science, Man and his Origin and the Nature of man.

•       Man and his cosmic Environment, Man and his Natural Resources and Great scientist of the world.

v  ENT 121: INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEURIAL FINANCING,  2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Entrepreneurship process, Determination of the financial needs of an entrepreneur

•       Understanding SME financing, Identify various ways of financing entrepreneurs in modern business.

•       Understanding financial constraints experienced by entrepreneurs; develops the framework used for thinking about finance issues and develop experience in applying this framework to make useful business decisions.

v  ENT 121: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY,  2 CREDIT UNITS

•       Definition of Psychology, Approaches to the study of Behavior, Some Basic Concepts in Psychology and Specialties in Psychology.

•       Development of Test Theories, and definitions of Intelligence., Individual Differences in Intelligence

•       Behavior-Genetic Influences and Environmental Influences, Applying Psychology to Policing.

•       Perception: A Basic Process, Impression Formation, Understanding some Important Factors in Person Perception and Impression Formation.

•       Personality trait inferences about the person is like.

•       Understanding and Attributing causes to others Behavior, Accuracy of Judgements, and problem of Deception.

•       Specialization, Juvenile Delinquency, Behavior Modification and Human Aggression.

v  GST 121: USE OF LIBRARY, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Identify sources of information

•       Collect secondary information using the library.

•       Utilize secondary information from library for Academic writing

•       Manage information received from library.

v  ENT 122: ANY COUNTRY  ENTREPRENEURIAL ENVIRONMENT, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Understanding the history of entrepreneurship development in Nigeria, the scope, characteristics and various sources of information for entrepreneurship development.

•       Component of the environmental variables of the concept of entrepreneurship.

•       Identifying the factors that affect entrepreneurial development.

•       Types of environmental factors, and adaptive mechanisms to entrepreneurial environment.

v  BUS 122: BUSINESS MATHEMATICS 11, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Sets and subsets, Basic set operations, Set of numbers and functions.

•       Annuity, Cash flow, Sinking fund and Mathematical programming (Linear Programming).

•       Computation of areas by calculus, Define integral, indefinite integral, Integration of Transcendental functions and Integration of powers of Trigonometric function.

•       Mathematical tools 1, Simultaneous Equations, Linear functions, and Linear inequalities, Mathematical Tools 11: Introduction to Matrix, algebra and Probability Theory and Application.

v  ECO 102: PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS, 11, 3 CREDIT UNIT:

•       Define and understand the meaning of Macroeconomics, basic macroeconomics concepts, distinguish between Micro-Economics and Macroeconomics.

•       Measurement of National Income, importance of National Income and understand the meaning of ECONOMICS of consumption and its components

•       Savings and its component and Investment and its components as well as to understand the meaning of Economics Welfare and National Income

•       Relationship between Economic welfare and National income, Meaning of Money and the history of money, characteristics, functions of and types of Money and Keynesian Motive of Holding Money.

•       Banking system, and its types, and functions.

•        Personal consumption. Expenditure, Government Consumption and Gross investment.

•       Government Expenditure and Revenue, Principle of Taxation.

•       International Trade and Terms of Trade.

v  1.24  ENT 132: SKILL DEVELOPMENT 1, 2 CREDIT UNIT

This course combines basic business theory with practical training to prepare students for launching and managing small business ventures.

•       Introduction to Entrepreneurship

•       The Entrepreneurial mindset, Opportunity identification.

•       Business planning and finance, skill development and management.

•       Starting and managing a business

v  1.25  ACC 102: PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING 11, 3 CREDIT UNIT

•       Methods of preparing accounting data using manual system and computerized accounting system

•       Accounting concepts and the building blocks of Accounting

•       Explaining the meaning of the key terms and concepts in the Accounting Equation.

•       Books of prime entry and its uses, methods of valuing inventory and inventory costing. Errors affecting the trial balance as well as those not affecting the trial balance.

•       Preparing a statement of profit or loss and a statement of Financial position, prepare different types of control accounts, prepare  an adjusted cash book and bank reconciliation statement and calculate the breakeven point using formula or the mathematical method and graph.

v  1.26 GST 122: COMMUNICATION IN ENGLISH 11, 2 CREDIT UNITS

•       Grammar and Sentence Structure, writing skills, reading skills, and speaking skills.

•       Communication process, Academic and professional Application.

v  1.27 BUS 106: ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT 11, 2 CREDIT UNITS

•       Evolution of Management Theory, Management Functions, Decision Making

•       Staffing and Human Resources, Communication, Delegation and Authority and Social Responsibility and Ethics.

v  1.28 MKT 108: INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Introduction/Definition of Marketing, Approaches to the study of marketing, Marketing Management Philosophies, Marketing Environment and Functions of Marketing.

•       Channels of Distribution, Product Classification 1 and 11 (consumer and Industrial Products), and Middlemen and Marketing Activities.

•       Marketing Strategies – Marketing services, Marketing Risks, Market segmentation, Promotion and Consumerism.

v  1.29 BFN 104: ELEMENTS OF BANKING, 3 CREDIT UNIT

•       The Business of Banking and Money---- The Development of Money, Historical Development of Banking,, Banking Structure, Role of Central Bank, Banking structure, E- Banking Systems.

•       Banking Systems and Institutions – Commercial Banking System, Merchant Banking Systems, Development banking system, Non-Bank Financial Institutions and Micro-Finance Banking Institutions. 

v  1.30 GST 112 LOGIC, PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN EXISTENCE, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Philosophy Content--Introduction to philosophy, Branches of Philosophy, African Philosophy, Methods of Philosophy, Philosophy and other Disciplines and Sources of Knowledge.

•       Logic Content --- Definition and scope of Logic, Logical Thinking, Arguments, Inductive and Deductive Reasoning, Symbolic Logic and Fallacies.

•       Human Existence Content ---- Fundamental Questions, Purpose of Life, Human Nature, and Life after Death.

v  1.31  2.10    ENT 201: THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, 2 CREIT UNIT

•       Foundational concepts of entrepreneurship, Key theoretical perspectives ( Economic theories, Risk-bearing theory, Market process theory, Psychological theories, Personality traits, Sociological theories and other relevant theories

•       Contributors and development – prominent entrepreneurs, major entrepreneurial thinkers.

•       Application and the entrepreneurial environment- entrepreneurial process, factors affecting growth and fostering entrepreneurship.

v  1.32 2.11  ENT 211 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CHANGE MANAGEMENT, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Introduction to entrepreneurship, Understanding the concept of modern entrepreneurship,   psychological approach to entrepreneurship, Socio-Economic approach entrepreneurship and Business expansion and changing role of the entrepreneur.

•       Corporate outlook in any country of your choice, Transformational leadership and organizational effectiveness, Models of effective change and Entrepreneurship in change environment

•       Teamwork in a dynamic business environment, Team building in business set-up. The quality gurus and Quality improvement for positive change.

•       Basic quality improvement tools and techniques, management of change, responses and resistance to change, and business plan for business growth.

v  1.33 ENT 221: ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship, Market Opportunities, Marketing strategies, and The Marketing Mix ( 4Ps)

•       Consumer Focus, Customer Relationship Management ( CRM ),

•       Business Forms and Planning, and Entrepreneurial case studies

v  1.34 ENT 223: START-UP FUNDING

•       Introduction to entrepreneurial finance, Sources of start-up funding—self funding, friends and family, Bank loan and credit facilities, Angel investors, and venture capitalists, Grant and accelerators.

•       Business feasibility and planning, Financial analysis and valuation, Pitching and fundraising skills

•       Case studies and practical application

v  1.35  CSC 211: APPLICATION OF COMPUTER IN BUSINESS, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       The business Environment--- Types of business organization, Problems in general business, The concept of computer in business unit, The importance of computer in business, and Caution in the use of computer in business

•       Microsoft word in business – Document production, Data security, File management and Document presentation

•       Microsoft Excel in Business, -- Solving and making decision with Microsoft Excel, managing large workshop and Presentation of data.

•       Other Applications in Business ---- Graphics, Database, Microsoft office outlook and Desktop tools/data communication

v  1.36  BUSS 221, BUSINESS STATISTICS, 2 CREDIT UNITS

•       Frequency distributions, Descriptive measures

•       Probability concepts, probability distribution

•       Sampling estimation

•       Hypotheses testing for means and proportions

•       Relationship analysis --- Correlation, Regression Analysis

v  1.37  ENT 223: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Core concepts and Theory --- Definition and theory, Entrepreneurial qualities, types of entrepreneurs,

•       Practical Business skills --- Business planning, Finance and capital, Enterprise formation.

•       Innovation and Commercialization --- Innovation process, opportunity identification.

•       Business Management and Ethics --- Marketing and sales, Ethics and risk management

•       Contemporary and National Context--- Importance of entrepreneurship for  National Development, identifying business opportunities, Intellectual property and Legal Aspects and sustainability

v  1.38  ENT 225: INTRODUCTION TO ENTREPRENEURHIP VENTURE, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Scope of Business social ventures, character of venture, forms of business ownership, organization and management

•       The marketing functions, finance and accounting function and human resource function

•       Government and business, The social responsibility of business and international business

•       Concept of social goods.

•       The creation of social Networks and Non-governmental organization and practice in evolving Non-profit organization.

v  1.39   BUSS 207: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Fundamentals of communication, forms of communication, introduction to business communication skills and forms of business communication

•       Study skills, English grammar, punctuation in English and sentence formation.

•       Oral communication writing, Process public speaking, interpersonal communication

•       Negotiation skills, corporate communication, interview skills and communication technology.

v  1.40  ENT 222: THE PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT, 2 CREDIT UNITS

•       Introduction to Management, Theories of Management, Planning and Decision-making, Organizing and structure, staffing, Leading and directing, Controlling, Management in contemporary contexts, specialized management areas

•       Skills and objectives—Identify and solve common managerial problems, Analyze and key management principles, work as productive team members in a management setting, Understand the skills and functions required for an efficient manager in business environment

v  1.41   ENT 212: BASIC FINANCIAL LITERACY, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Meaning, Nature and types of Investment, venture creation, Diversification as a basis of Investment Portfolio, Investment in capital market, Investment in Derivatives and Investment portfolio in properties and commodities.

•       Leveraging on Debts and venture capital in creating wealth, Intellectual property and Royalties, Financial market Instruments, Capital gains and Continuous cash flows and Building personal cash flows (savings).

•       Personal financial planning, Maintaining savings account for cash reserves, planning for contingency fund, Insurance and risk hedging and understanding tax issues.

v  1.42  ENT 224: CUSTOMER RELATION MANAGEMENT, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Introduction, Meaning and Definition of customer Relationship management, Evolution of Customer Relationship Management, Elements of Customer Relationship Management

•       CRM Technology Components/customer lifecycle/loyalty and Process and Customer Retention

v  1.43   BUS 282: BUSINESS STATISTICS 11, 3 CREDIT UNITS

•       Statistics and Decision making process, Nature, source and method of Data collection, summarizing data, Graphical presentation of data

•       Measures of central Tendency 1, and 2, 3, Franctiles, skewness and kurtosis, measure of dispersion and set theory

•       Permutations and combinations, elementary probability concepts,, probability distribution of a Discrete random variable, Binomial Distribution, Poisson Distribution, Hyper geometric Distribution and Normal Distribution.

v  1.44  ENT 214 BIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL THINKERS, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Definition of basic concepts, Entrepreneur, Biographical studies, Thinkers and Giants worldwide

•       World class Entrepreneurs 1, 11, 111, and 1v.

•       Importance of Entrepreneurial Thinkers and Giants

•       How to be an Entrepreneurial Thinkers and Giants

v  1.45 ACC 232, INTRODUCTION TO COST AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING, 2 CREDIT UNIT

•       Nature, scope and functions of cost and management accounting, cost accounting vs management accounting ,and principles underlying the preparation and presentation of cost accounts for various types of business

•       Different meaning of cost, cost unit and cost center, elements of cost, classification of cost I and 11

•       Accounting for materials, stock/inventory control, accounting for labor and overheads, and job and process costing

•       Costing, Budgetary Control and Break-Even Analysis

This course introduces business decision-making using accounting information systems. Emphasis is placed on analyzing, summarizing, reporting, and interpreting financial information. Upon completion, students should be able to prepare financial statements, understand the role of financial information in decision-making and address ethical considerations. 

This course introduces economic analysis of individual, business, and industry in the market economy. Topics include the price mechanism, supply and demand, optimizing economic behavior, costs and revenue, market structures, factor markets, income distribution, market failure, and government intervention. Upon completion, students should be able to identify and evaluate consumer and business alternatives in order to efficiently achieve economic objectives.

The Master of Psychology with a concentration in Counseling Psychology is a two-year, graduate-level professional program designed to prepare students for ethical, evidence-based counseling practice in diverse clinical and community settings. The program integrates psychological theory, research, and supervised clinical experience to develop competent, culturally responsive counseling professionals.

Students receive comprehensive training in counseling theories, human development, psychopathology, assessment, research methods, ethics, multicultural counseling, and evidence-based interventions. Emphasis is placed on trauma-informed care, professional identity development, and reflective practice. Supervised practicum and internship experiences provide
hands-on clinical training with individuals, groups, and families.

The program is structured to align with state licensure requirements for professional counseling and related mental health credentials, and with CACREP-informed curricular standards. Graduates are prepared for employment in mental health agencies, community organizations, healthcare settings, educational institutions, and private practice (where permitted), as well as for further doctoral study.

This course provides an overview of the scientific study of human behavior. Topics include history, methodology, biopsychology, sensation, perception, learning, motivation, cognition, abnormal behavior, personality theory, social psychology, and other relevant topics. Upon completion, students should be able to demonstrate a basic knowledge of the science of psychology. Requisites: Take ENG-111 - Must be completed prior to taking this course.

This course provides an examination of the various psychological disorders, as well as theoretical, clinical, and experimental perspectives of the study of psychopathology. Emphasis is placed on terminology, classification, etiology, assessment, and treatment of the major disorders. Upon completion, students should be able to distinguish between normal and abnormal behavior patterns as well as demonstrate knowledge of etiology, symptoms, and therapeutic techniques. Requisites: Take PSY-150 - Must be completed prior to taking this course. Offered: Summer

Course Description: Precalculus

Precalculus is a foundational mathematics course designed to prepare students for the study of calculus and other higher-level math courses. It integrates and extends concepts from algebra, geometry, and trigonometry, focusing on building the problem-solving and analytical skills necessary for advanced mathematics.

Key Topics Covered

• Functions and Graphs: Linear, quadratic, polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, and piecewise functions; transformations and inverse functions.

• Equations and Inequalities: Solving linear, quadratic, exponential, logarithmic, and rational equations and inequalities.

• Trigonometry: Trigonometric functions, identities, equations, graphs, inverse trigonometric functions, and applications involving right and oblique triangles.

• Complex Numbers and Vectors: Arithmetic with complex numbers, polar form, De Moivre’s Theorem, and introductory vector operations.

• Sequences and Series: Arithmetic and geometric sequences, sigma notation, partial sums.

• Conic Sections: Circles, ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas.

• Analytic Geometry and Polar Coordinates: Introduction to polar coordinates, graphs, and equations.

• Limits and Introduction to Calculus Concepts: Understanding the idea of limits as a foundation for calculus.

Course Objectives

By the end of the course, students should be able to:

• Demonstrate proficiency in algebraic manipulation and trigonometric reasoning.

• Analyze and graph a variety of functions.

• Apply mathematical models to solve real-world problems.

• Develop a strong foundation for success in calculus and STEM-related fields.

This course provides an opportunity to customize foundational math content and statistical concepts specific to real-world applications. Topics include decimals, percentages, ratios, proportions, solving basic equations, geometrical concepts, dimensional analysis, financial applications and elements of statistics and probability. Upon completion, students should be able to successfully demonstrate the use of mathematics, technology and statistical concepts to solve practical problems while developing positive academic habits, learning strategies and growth mindset. Requisites: